Kaunas! Lithuania's second-largest city, often seen as the more "authentically Lithuanian" counterpart to the cosmopolitan Vilnius. It has a distinct charm and a fascinating history, particularly its interwar modernist architecture that's now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Here are the Top 10 Places to Visit in Kaunas, which make Kaunas special:
1. Kaunas Old Town
Kaunas Old Town is a charming historical district filled with cobbled streets, colorful buildings, and Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. Visit Town Hall Square, often called the "White Swan," and enjoy cozy cafés, museums, and artisan shops. Historical landmarks like St. Francis Xavier Church, the Jesuit Monastery, and Vilniaus Street offer a glimpse into the city’s rich past. During summer, the area comes alive with open-air events, markets, and music. It’s a perfect starting point for discovering the soul of Kaunas and experiencing Lithuanian heritage up close.
2. Kaunas Castle
Located at the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris Rivers, Kaunas Castle is one of the oldest in Lithuania, dating back to the 14th century. Originally built for defense against the Teutonic Order, the red-brick Gothic castle has been restored and now houses a small museum. The surrounding park is perfect for walks and often hosts medieval festivals and open-air concerts. Climb the tower for a view of the rivers and the nearby Old Town. It’s a family-friendly stop packed with history and scenic beauty.
3. Laisvės Alėja (Liberty Avenue)
Laisvės Alėja, a pedestrian boulevard stretching over 1.6 km, is the heart of modern Kaunas. Lined with linden trees, shops, restaurants, and historical buildings, it connects the Old Town with St. Michael the Archangel Church. This lively avenue is perfect for shopping, people-watching, and enjoying street performances or local food. It’s also home to cultural institutions like the Kaunas State Musical Theatre. Whether you're strolling in summer sun or enjoying winter lights, Liberty Avenue is Kaunas’ most popular social and cultural thoroughfare.
4. St. Michael the Archangel Church
This Neo-Byzantine church marks the eastern end of Liberty Avenue and is one of Kaunas’ most recognizable landmarks. Originally built for Russian Orthodox worship during the Tsarist era, it now serves as a Roman Catholic church. The grand structure impresses with its five domes, massive columns, and striking interior icons. The church also plays an important cultural role, often hosting exhibitions and concerts. It's a fascinating symbol of the city’s layered religious and political history, beautifully contrasting with the surrounding modern streetscape.
5. Žalgiris Arena & Nemunas Island
Located on Nemunas Island, Žalgiris Arena is the largest sports and entertainment venue in the Baltics. It hosts basketball games, concerts, and major international events. The surrounding island features walking paths, open spaces, a skate park, and stunning views of Kaunas’ riverside skyline. In summer, locals flock here for festivals and open-air gatherings. Accessible via pedestrian bridges from the city center, this area blends modern architecture with natural beauty, making it ideal for relaxation, recreation, and catching a show or game.
6. Devil's Museum
One of the most unique museums in Europe, the Devil’s Museum (officially Žmuidzinavičius Museum) houses over 3,000 devil-themed artifacts from around the world. This fascinating collection includes sculptures, paintings, masks, and carvings representing devils in folklore, religion, and pop culture. It’s a whimsical yet thought-provoking exploration of good versus evil, humor, and creativity. Founded by artist Antanas Žmuidzinavičius, the museum is both educational and entertaining, perfect for curious minds and fans of quirky museums.
7. Vytautas the Great War Museum & Garden
Located near Laisvės Alėja, this museum offers a comprehensive look at Lithuania’s military history, from medieval times to World War II. Exhibits include weapons, uniforms, flags, and military memorabilia. Outside, the Garden of the Museum features monuments, including the Statue of Liberty and the Eternal Flame, which honor Lithuania’s fight for independence. The nearby Kaunas Carillon plays concerts from its bell tower, adding a unique cultural touch. It’s a solemn yet inspiring stop, rich in patriotism and national pride.
8. Pažaislis Monastery
Located on the outskirts of Kaunas near the Kaunas Reservoir, Pažaislis Monastery is considered one of the most beautiful Baroque buildings in Lithuania. Built in the 17th century, this active monastery is surrounded by serene gardens and forests. Visitors can tour the church, cloisters, and museum, and even enjoy concerts during the Pažaislis Music Festival. The atmosphere is peaceful and spiritual, making it a perfect day trip from the city center. It’s a stunning blend of architecture, art, and nature.
9. M.K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art
Dedicated to Lithuania’s most famous painter and composer, Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, this museum showcases his mystical, symbolic artwork and musical compositions. Visitors are immersed in Čiurlionis’ visionary world, where visual art and music intertwine. The museum also features Lithuanian art from the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as temporary exhibitions. It’s a must-visit for art lovers, offering deep insight into Lithuania’s cultural and creative heritage through the lens of one of its most beloved artists.
10. Ninth Fort
Part of the Kaunas Fortress complex, the Ninth Fort has a somber but vital history. During WWII, it was used by the Nazis as an execution site for thousands of Jews and other prisoners. Today, it serves as a museum and memorial honoring the victims of the Holocaust and Soviet repression.
The towering Ninth Fort Monument is a powerful tribute, visible from afar. The museum offers guided tours, historical exhibitions, and access to the chilling prison tunnels. A visit here is a deeply moving experience and an important reminder of Lithuania’s past.
